Objective

The student will gain a familiarity with the procedures used during takeoff and landing phases of flight, as well as a knowledge of proper wind correction techniques. An understanding of runway incursions and how to avoid them should also be developed.

Elements

• Runway incursion avoidance
• Normal takeoff
• Normal landing
• Crosswind takeoff
• Crosswind landing

Schedule

Introduction	05
Main body	25
Application	05
Conclusion	05
Total	40 minutes

Equipment

• model aircraft
• whiteboard and markers
• Airplane Flying Handbook
• UND standardization manual

Instructor actions

Explain and demonstrate the proper techniques, using whiteboard and model aircraft. The discussion will be guided, and based on the student’s reading assignment, to ensure the student’s level of understanding is at an appropriate level.

Student Actions

The student should have read the Airplane Flying Handbook and Pilot’s Handbook chapters on the topic, and participate in the guided discussion by answering questions and explaining their actions in the situations posed.

Completion standards

The lesson will be complete when the student has an understanding of normal and crosswind procedures, and can explain them. The student will also be able to explain the proper technique to use for given scenarios.

Teaching outline

• before-takeoff actions
  • runup and checklists complete
  • takeoff direction: into the wind. why?
  • visually clear base and final
  • tower clearance or CTAF position / intentions announcement
• wake turbulence considerations
• runway incursion avoidance

Normal takeoff

• takeoff roll
  • align with runway!
  • release brakes and smoothly apply power
  • add rudder along with throttle to counteract turning tendencies
• rotation / liftoff
• initial climb

Runway incursion avoidance

• controlled airports
• uncontrolled airports
• position reporting

Normal takeoff (AFH 5-2)

• theory
• performance
• control inputs required
• checklist usage

Normal landing

• theory
• performance
• control inputs required
• checklist usage

Crosswind takeoff (AFH 5-5)

• Ideally, we track the runway centerline with our aircraft during the takeoff roll and immediately after liftoff.
  • The direction of flight and the nose of the aircraft will point the same direction.
  • Aileron input into the wind is required; the downwind wheel will probably lift off first.
  • If we allow the upwind wing to lift during the takeoff roll, the wind will begin to push the aircraft sideways across the runway and porentially side-load the landing gear.
• As the main wheels lift, we transition out of our banked, sideslipped state and into a crab for the climb.
• This allows us to maintain the extended runway centerline.

Crosswind landing

• wind correction technique
• control inputs required
• proper rollout technique